Temple roll



May 14, 1940. c. r. DlcKEY 2,200,356

TEMPLE ROLL Filed Dec. 12.` 1939 INVENTOR atente UNITED STATES PATENT vol-fricia.

5 Claims.

This invention relates to a roll for use in a loom temple.

vAs is well known to those skilled in the art, a loom temple is normally employed at each side 5 of the loom adjacent the fell of the cloth being woven for the purpose of uniformly maintaining the cloth stretched widthwise, and its efficiency of performance depends in a large measure upon the degree and uniformity of frictional engagel ment between cloth and temple.

In connection with various types of fabrics, for example, those composed wholly or largely of rayon, especially that of cellulose ester filaments as acetated cellulose, or those textiles of a fine l and delicate nature and approaching one denier in individual filatures, it has long been customary to use rubber asthe surface of the temple roll which engages the cloth.

Rubber has many disadvantages, especially due n to the fact that the tension and friction thereon of a rubber temple roll rapidly causes smoothing and polishing of the surface by wear, and as the value of a temple roll depends primarily upon the frictional-gripping surface thereon, and abilg5 ity to maintain that degree of frictional resistance unimpaired for a substantially long period of time, frequent replacement is necessary, with consequent loss of time in making replacements and the initial cost of the temple roll.

Furthermore, rubber is especially unsatisfactory on account of the progressive loss of frictional resistance with increased wear of the roll, the roll being unable to maintain that uniform frictional-gripping surface necessary to main- 35 taining uniform results.

According to my researches, the ideal temple roll is closely approached where a maximum of gripping surface is initially obtained, and maintained without substantial diminution for a con- 40 sderable period of time. v

In my applications Serial Numbers 249,207 filed January 4, 1939; 264,065 filed Manch 25, 1939; 277,608 led June 6, 1939; and 283,174 filed July 7, 1939, have been set forth improved processes 45 for temple roll manufactur wherein is described the use of outwardly-projecting fibers in a suitable bonding, agglutinating, thermoplastic matrix material as a portion of the temple roll, accompanied by illustrations of carrying the same into 50 effect.

One of the objects of the present invention is to improve upon the eiiiciency ofthe type of temple roll now in use, free from the usual rubber in vulcanized condition, in which the disadvantages inherent in the present types of temple roll are substantially non-existent, and in Whichthe frictional gripping surface does not depend entirely upon a multiplicity of outwardlyprojecting fixed fibers cr fiber-ends, but wherein the frictional surface is materially augmented -by incorporating saidl fibers in a suitable matrix, wherein the latter has frictional-gripping properties in addition to that of the outwardly-projecting ends of bers.

Another object is to provide a temple roll having initially the maximum desired frictional gripping surface, which surface remains substantially uniform and unimpaired for an indefinite period of time.

A third object is to prepare a temple roll of required frictional-gripping surface for textiles, which is unacted upon to an observable degree or extent by the components in, of, or evolved incident to contact of textile with temple roll.

A fourth object is the employment of a suitable agglutinating, compacting, bonding or thermoplastic medium possessing frictional-gripping properties, and of such relative degreeof rigidity, that the inner portion of the filaments or fiber having outwardly-projecting, fabric-engaging ends, is substantially immovable.

A further object is to provide a temple roll wherein the surface engaging the cloth, does not leave a mark or streak thereon, nor chip olf upon continued wear, and wherein the frictional function does not reside in the addition of sharp faceted ends or points as sand, emery, corundum, diatoinaceous earths or the like, which tend to cut or rupture the delicate filatures and thereby lower the quality of the woven textile by the formation of fluff, knots and the like.

There appear to be fumes generated as a result of heat and pressure on the temple roll by certain classes of textiles, which have a softening, dissolving or disintegrating action upon the usual rubber temple roll used for this purpose, and one of the objects of this invention is to provide a temple roll which is unacted upon in this respect.

My new temple roll comprises in its broad aspects, a fabric, either cellulosic-or non-cellulosic in character or a combination of the same in the woven condition, as cotton or asbestos cloth, or cloth made from or containing linen, silk or artificial filament fibers, wherein a surface which is substantially permanent is obtained by means of a. multitude of outwardly-projecting frictionalgripping ber ends, but in which the frictional effect is materially augmented by imbedding these fibers in an immovable matrix which in itself fully from the detailed description contained herein.

The general nature, function and purpose of a loom temple of the roll type are so well known to those skilled in the art, that it appears here,

only necessary to state that my composition may be fabricated into a temple roll as by the processes disclosed in my Serial Numbers 307,611 iiled December 5, 1939 and 308,814 iiled, December l2, 1939 or by other suitable market.

I have found that the Vcombination of certain classes of synthetic resinous bodies with socalled artificial rubbers of the types as herein disclosed, when manipulated according to directions herein' disclosed or their substantial equivalent, and this material used as the matrix for the outwardly-projecting fibers heretofore disclosed, there results a combination of tacky, substantially permanent matrix surface, in conjunction with a multiplicity of outwardly-projecting ber ends, which provides substantially the maximum of desirable grippingA surface, without disadvantageous features which frictional surface remains without substantial impairment during' use for a practically unlimited period of time.

It has been found that a number of compositions of the general nature of artificial rubbers with resins or allied bodies, may be prepared which are initially tacky, and if not too tacky to be satisfactory for this purpose, they rapidly undergo oxidative or other change in the air and especially under use in a temple roll, wherein the tackiness does not remain substantially unimpaired for a considerable period of time, with the result that the frictional-gripping effect continually diminishes during use with the result that uniform results are impossible in use for the purposes herein set forth. It therefore is oi' prime importance, that the matrix portion of this invention,shall be tacky or frictional-gripping for a long period without perceptible impairment.

'I'he general nature, function and purpose of a loom temple of the roll type are so well known.

and familiar to those skilled in the art,`that it here only becomes necessary to illustrate a portion of one typical form of a temple roll, together with preferred forms of the invention embodied therein.

In the drawing and illustrative examples are shown and described several preferred forms of temple roll embodying my invention.

Fig. 1 is an end elevation of a temple head with the form of roll embodying the invention located therein;

Fig, 2 is a top plan view of the construction shown in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the core forming the central part of the roll;

Fig. 4 is a' face view of one of the units from:

tatively mounted.- The temples are arranged in pairs, one at each side of the loom, and may be termed right-handed and left-handed since their function is to laterally stretch the cloth being woven to the right and left side of the loom. The

construction of the temple is the same in both cases and therefore only a right-handed temple has been illustrated.

The form of roll embodied in the present invention is adapted for use in substantially all types of roll temples.

'I'he temple illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 comprises an arm I, of which only a portion is shown and by which it isv mounted upon the loom at the' forward end, and a main body portion or pod 2 formed thereon having a trough-like shape in which the rolls are mounted. The temple rolls are journaled on pins 2 supported in the end walls of the pod 2, the inner ends 4 being fitted into the end wall 5 and the outer ends being provided with enlarged screw-threaded heads 6 which are tightly threaded into the end wall 1. Y The temple roll 8, to perform its function of putting lateral tension on the cloth being woven, has its surface formed into alternating ridges l and grooves I0 arranged in the form of a helix;

In constructing the roll l, a tubular core II is provided having an enlarged head or iiange I2 formed on one end and an internal bore I3 which acts as the journal on pin 3. The core II may be made of wood, impregnated and/or plasticized wood our, wood pulp or the like. 1

'I'he outer part of the roll 8 in which the ridges 9 and grooves III are later formed is fabricated or built up of a plurality of washer-shaped members Il in which the outside diameter is slightly greater than that of the finished roll and the diameter of the hole I5 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the core I I.

To construct the roll 8, the proper number of impregnated washer-like members I4 are closely placed on'the core I I and extend from the flange I2V to the opposite end of the core.- The core with its assembled members I4 thereon is then subjected to pressure or pressure and heat, in a device having dies with an internal configuration which will compress, distort/groove and furrow the substantially cylindrical shape of the series of members I4 into the helically arranged ridges 9 and grooves IIJv of the finished roll 8. During this operation the members Il are so compressed and merged into one another that they form a highly resistant, substantially one piece unit having the characteristics desirable in a temple roll. 'Ihe diameter of the flange I2 on the core Il is less .than the outer diameter of the roll l and hence does not come into contact with the cloth or fabric upon which the temple roll acts. By this arrangement and construction the temple roll is only subjected to wear upon that part of itself which has the wear resisting qualities given it by the material from which the members I4 are composed.

The members Il are preferably of woven natural or artificial fibers or admixtures thereof as cotton, linen, wool, silk or rayon, and impregnated with a thermoplastic body or bodies which are substantially unaffected by the fibers being woven, or materials contained therein or evolved therefrom. And conversely, solvents, non-solvents, diluents, softeners and plasticizing bodies used in conjunction with the impregnating material must be substantially devoid of solvent action upon the filaments constituting the textile being treated.

As one method of carryingmy invention into effect, I may use:

(l) A combination of so-called artificial or synthetic rubber bodies of that type obtained by emulsifying a dihalogenized paraffin hydrocarbon as ethane, dichloroethane being an example,

in aqueous alkali metal polysulfide, as sodium polysuliide, which when purified, then acidifled in suspension, forms a coagulum or rubber-like polymer of homogeneous appearance and empirical composition approximating (CaH4S2) n. and known in the trade as the Resinits, 'I'hiokols and by other names.

(2) B utadiene polymerized rubber-like products, as of the Buna or Perbunan classes or their equivalents.

(3) The classes of polymerized hydrocarbons of straight chain structure to which Vistanex and Vispronal belong.

(4) Phenol-indene-coumarone synthetic resinous bodies, as of the Nevillite types.

As one illustrative example of carrying my invention into effect, I may proceed as follows, this example being typical of the general method of my invention in preparing a suitable substantially permanently tacky embedding medium for outwardly-projecting fibers in the preparation of a temple roll.

A mixture of (1), as 'Ihiokol D, is incorporated with a vulcanization accelerator, as 0.5% mercaptobenzothiazole and 0.2% diphenylguanidine or triphenylmelamine and the mixture worked in by malaxating rolls at a maximum of about 160 F. for about 25 minutes, when it is taken off the rolls, forming mixture (a).

Mixture of parts Buna is placed on malaxating rolls and broken down, which requires normally 20-30 minutes, depending upon the R. P. M. of the rolls and the degree of friction. During this step the temperature of the mass rises to around 175200 F. There is then added 53 parts of (4) and malaxation continued until a homogeneously appearing mass results. There is then added to this mass on the rolls 47 parts of (3) and malaxation continued until the mass appears uniform. Then mixture (a) is added and intermingling continued to a uniform mass.

It has often been found advantageous to stiffen the final mass by the addition thereto of about 5% by weight of equal amounts of zinc oxide or blanc fixe pigment or equivalent, and to induce further tackiness in the finished product by incorporation of 1.5% paraffin Wax and 1% stearic acid. Upon the incorporation of the additional components there is finally added 2% by weight of elemental sulfur and 0.25% of diortho-tolylguanidine or equivalent, when. malaxation is continued until test portions removed indicate the degree of tackiness required has been attained. The mass is then stripped from the rolls and allowed to cool.

A ten ounce" duck, drill or canvas is taken and a layer of the above calendered on one or both sides thereof by the usual method, to a total of about 24% by weight, based upon the weight of the cloth.

The calendered cloth may then be cut into washer-like members as set forth in my Serial Numbers 249,207, 264,065, 277,608 and 283,174, and the members compacted by heat and pressure into a circular roll with grooves as therein set forth.

Or, the calendered cloth may be stacked into a pile, cut perpendicular to the plurality of layers into segments, and two of these segments of suitable length with a core between, 'compacted into a unitary-appearing circular roll with grooves therein, as disclosed in my Serial Number 308,814, filed December 12, 1939, all disclosures being illustrated as well as described.

In variations of the specific example set forth above, the Thiokol D selected as exemplifying (1) may be replaced by another suitable member orfmembers of this group; other vulcanization accelerators may be used instead Aof, or in conjunction with those disclosed in the typical example, the proportions of suitable amount of accelerator being varied depending upon the product intended to be treated therewith.

Similarly, other members of the Buna group, as Perbuna, Buna S, Buna N, Buna 85, Buna and the like, depending somewhat upon as to whether the butadiene group has been polymerized in aqueous emulsion or with sodium may be used. A wax-like body other than para'in wax and/or steario acid may be used, provided they are substantial equivalents in action under the conditions of 'use herein. Primarily the above mentioned and their equivalents are to be understood as comprehended by this invention, provided there results a fiber-embedding matrix which possesses the required tackiness to a, substantially unimpaired degree by use, and which augments the frictionally-gripping surface or function of the outwardly-projecting fiber ends, in the application of a temple loom in the normal use of the same.

After the coated or impregnated individual textile members have been compacted by heat or heat and pressure into a substantially homogeneously-appearing cylinder, due to extrusion of plastic on the ridges of the grooves, I grind down or friction off the outer portion of said ridges by an abrasive step down to the outwardly-projecting fibers and ber layers.

If the fluidity and penetrating power of the tacky fiber embedding matrix is desired to be increased, a proportion of suitable solvent or emulsiant may be employed, as a halogenated ethane or ethylene. Tetrachloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, chloroform or pentachloroethane may be used, either alone or with diluents, being afterwards removed, as by an evaporative step. With some of the Buna type butadiene polymers, it has been found useful to augment the tackiness by incorporation of a re1- atively small amount of an organic thermoplasticizing body as a methyl, ethyl or phenyl oxalate, benzoate or phthalate.

It has been found that the use of inert, volatile solvents in this connection, does not appreciably modify the degree of tackiness of the embedded matrix.

What I claim is:

1. A roll for a loom temple comprising a core to which is attached a plurality of layers of fabric embedded in a matrix of neutral thermoplastic synthetic rubber with phenolindenecoumarone artificial resinous body of Substantially permanent tackiness, the iibers of said fabric being substantially perpendicular to the axis of the blank and having free fiber ends projecting therefrom, the whole forming a double frictional-gripping, cloth-engaging unit of tacky matrix and outwardly-projecting fibers.

2. A roll for a loom temple comprising a core to which is rigidly attached a plurality of layers of textile with outwardly projecting ber ends immovably embedded in a matrix of mixture of neutral synthetic rubber composition and phenolindene-coumarone artificial lresinous body of composition to form a substantially permanently tacky body, said fibers of said textile being substantially perpendicular to the axis of the blank and constituting a combined frictional-gripplng cloth-engaging unit of tacky matrix substance and outwardly-projecting :ber ends, said mass having previously been compactedinto usual circular temple roll form by heat and pressure in a die having helical form and ridges and grooves 5 therein, the ridges being afterwards flattened by an abrading step to expose fiber ends.

, 3. A roll for a loom temple containing a plurality of pieces of canvas calendered on one or both sides with a thermo-setting composition of '10 substantially permanent tackiness and neutral reaction, said composition being a mixture of synthetic rubber material with artiilcial indenephenol-coumarone resinous matter in the presence of a stiiening agent and pigment, said cal- '15 endered canvas pieces being uniformly disposed around and immovably amxed to a core so that the ber ends are outwardly-projecting, then atilxing said impregnated canvas to said core and shaping the same in a die aided by' heat and m pressure, said die having helically arranged grooves and ridges therein, afterwards removing the templeroll from said die and abrading the ridges thereon until the outwardly-projecting 4'frictional-gripping cloth-engaging ilbers are exu posed.

- 4 4. A roll for a loom temple comprising a core to which is immovably aillxed a plurality of textile members previously impregnated, said impregnated members being by heat and pressure l indistinguishably merged in a die into a unitaryappearing highly resistant, cloth-engaging and frictional-gripping unit with helically arranged grooves and abraded ridges having outwardlyprojecting ilbers, said impregnating material be- -textile members previously impregnated. and by heat and pressure indistinguishably merged in a u 'die into a unitary-appearing, neutral, highly resistant and homogeneous, cloth-engaging and frictional-gripping unit with helically arranged grooves and abraded ridges having outwardlyprojecting fibers, said impregnating material be- .a ing obtained by heating to about 160 F. Thiokol with 0.5% mercaptobenzothiazole and 0.2% diphenylguanidine, and adding the same tu a mixture of 100 parts synthetic butadiene polymer oi Buna type, 53 parts of (4) and 47 parts of (3) u continuing malaxation, then nally adding 1.5% zinc oxide and solid paramn wax 1.5% and stearic acid 1%, finally incorporating 2% by weight of elemental sulfur and 0.25% di-otolylguanidine and continuing malaxation until .30 a test portion removed indicates the degree oi tackiness and hence ber-gripping properties, as herein set forth.

CHARLES THOMAS DICKEY. 

